Y-STR Paternal Lineage Test

Y-STR Paternal Lineage Test - Find out how this test can help determine if 2 or more males are biologically related even if the parents are deceased..http://www.dnanigeria.com

Choosing a Paternity Test – Peace of Mind or Legal?

Having a paternity test is always a difficult time for the individuals and families involved. When deciding whether you require a legal test or a peace of mind paternity test, the following information may help.

Peace of Mind DNA Tests

These DNA tests are for personal information only, as the identities of the individuals involved are not legally verified.

Peace of mind paternity tests are cheaper than the legal test versions. This is because the paperwork involved is not as extensive. However, the DNA paternity test itself is exactly the same as a DNA test that is used for legal purposes. The paternity test is just as accurate & the laboratory process is identical.

These Peace of Mind Paternity tests can save time & money, giving the answers needed, without long, complicated & costly legal processes. All the DNA tests offered can be ordered as a peace of mind option.

Even if you choose to have the paternity test for your own personal information, you can still have your samples taken by a professional at one of our DNA testing clinics. You do not need to use the self-collection home kits if you feel you still require the support provided at the clinic sessions.

Legal Test Services

A legal DNA paternity test is required if the paternity results are to be used for legal purposes. The difference in price compared to a peace of mind paternity test is due to the strict protocols that must be followed. This includes the verification of a test participant’s identity, when DNA samples are taken and the traceability of all samples to demonstrate a strict chain of custody. A strict protocol is followed by both the sample collector and the laboratories so that the results of the DNA paternity test cannot be disputed when used for the purpose it is required.

If you require a paternity test for legal purposed, you must visit your local DNA testing clinic or use our Registered Nurse Service. The paternity testing process cannot be undertaken using the Home DNA Testing Kit. All our DNA tests can be ordered as a Legal Test Service option.

DNA Centre is at 73 Allen Avenue, Ikeja Lagos. Tel: 07059999333; 07059999444

10 Fascinating facts about our DNA

1. Your DNA sequence contains 3,000,000,000 DNA bases. This is what we call our Genome.
2. If you unravelled your DNA it could reach to the moon over six thousand times! 
3. All humans share 99.9% of their DNA in common.
4. Chimps share between 94% and 98% of their DNA with humans.
5. Siblings share around 50% of their genes as do a parent and their child.
6. If you can type 60 words a minute, it would take you 50 years to type the human genome if you worked eight hours every day.
7. Our gnome would completely fill 2000 telephone directories books.
8. We still have up to 4% Neanderthal in our DNA.
9. Every human organism has DNA.
10. It was first seen by Friedrich Miescher under a microscope in 1869.

Paternity Fraud: Challenging Paternity After the Fact

Many people, including attorneys, maintain the belief that once a child has been deemed to be the offspring of a man that the presumption of paternity cannot be overturned, even with the assistance of scientific and conclusive DNA testing. This is not the case. Paternity fraud occurs when a Mother leads a man to believe that he is the biological father of a child, although she is aware that he is not, or may not be the child’s father. 

In Taylor v. Wilson, 2005 WL 517548, the Tennessee Court of Appeals addressed this issue when the Father alleged that his voluntary legitimation of the minor child was based on the mutually mistaken belief of himself and the child’s mother. He determined that he was not the biological father of the minor child by having an independent DNA testing performed on the minor child, without the benefit of a court order. The test established that the Appellant was not the father. He then filed a Petition to Set Aside Paternity and Modify Arrearage, which was dismissed by the Shelby County Juvenile Court. The Court of Appeals reversed, stating that:

“We believe that all common law presumptions relating to the paternity and legitimacy are rebuttable and the public policy has now been established by the General Assembly that true parentage is the end that should be pursued by the courts in paternity actions.”

The Court went on to state that “In another case, White v. Armstrong, we considered a petition for post-judgment relief from a child support order when the appellant, who had voluntarily legitimated the child in question three years earlier, discovered through genetic testing that he could not be the child’s biological father…We noted that, under Tennessee law, “it is of overriding importance…that one conclusively established in law not to be the father of a child be not declared as the father of that child”… From our review of Richards, Harmons, Granderson, and White, it is apparent that Tennessee law strongly favors requiring biological parents to bear responsibility for their own children, and that this policy also favors relieving putative fathers of the burden of supporting children who have been shown, through conclusive evidence such as DNA testing not to be their natural offspring.”

Oftentimes, in litigation concerning paternity fraud, or even the presumption of paternity fraud before DNA testing is conducted, the Mother, or the State of Tennessee, will make the argument that the Father waived his right to DNA paternity testing by voluntarily acknowledging paternity of the minor child at issue by signing the birth certificate, a voluntary acknowledgment of paternity, or even by holding the child out to be his offspring. This issue was also addressed in Taylor v. Wilson, whereas the State of Tennessee contended that:

“Mr. Wilson waived his right to contest his paternity by failing to request a DNA test during the initial paternity proceeding. However, the law of Tennessee does not recognize such a waiver under these circumstances. Every indication in the record indicates that Mr. Wilson believed that was his natural child when he voluntarily acknowledged paternity and the case law supports granting relief in such a case. Indeed, in the case of White v. Armstrong, we dealt with a situation in which the father had some suspicion-but not conclusive proof-that the child was not his own, and we acknowledged that he may have voluntarily legitimated a child in an attempt “to avoid the public humiliation and embarrassment that would follow the revelation that he was not the father… We concluded that this putative father was entitled to seek prospective relief from the child support order, once he obtained irrefutable evidence that he was not the child’s natural father”. Fathers should have the opportunity to obtain DNA paternity testing of the minor child at issue, and thereby gain such irrefutable evidence as to whether or not they are, indeed, the natural father of the minor child.

In Coppage v. Green, 2007 WL 845909, the Court of Appeals again addressed the issue of paternity fraud and the request for DNA paternity testing and placed significance on the fact the putative father had made prior effort to question the paternity of the minor child at issue. Specifically, the Court stated that:

T he father attempted to get a DNA test within a year of admitting to paternity. The father hired a lawyer who was unable or inadequate to in obtaining access to a DNA test. Furthermore the father lacked the fund or was out of the country during the ensuing years when he should have filed for a DNA test. The Court finds that pursuant to the case of Taylor v. Wilson, such is a case for “exceptional relief”. Justice and equity demand that the truth of the child’s parentage be determined. The Father’s attempt within one year coupled with the father’s military absences, justify a reconsideration of the father’s requested DNA…. The appellate court has observed that “true parentage is the end that should be pursued by the courts in paternity actions. This Court has also stated that, under Tennessee law, “it is of overriding importance…that one conclusively established in law not to be the father of a child be not declared as the father of that child.”

Finally, if the Court finds at a hearing that there is substantial likelihood that fraud, duress, or a material mistake of fact existed in the execution of the acknowledgement of paternity, then the court shall issue parentage tests. “Such action shall not be barred by the five (5) year statute of limitations where fraud in the procurement of the acknowledgment by the mother of the child is alleged and where the requested relief will not affect the interests of the child, the state, or any Title IV-D agency.” However, the Father is not necessarily required to prove “fraud, duress, or a material mistake of fact” by specific and affirmative actions on the part of the Mother, but rather may rely upon her silence as such evidence, as held in In re T.M.S, whereas the Court stated that:

“It is undisputed that Mother failed to disclose to Mr. S, when the child was born and he was asked to sign the child’s birth certificate as the child’s father, that she had had sexual relations with at least one other man during the pertinent time period. Irrespective of any personal belief Mother may have had that Mr. S was the child’s biological father, it is certainly arguable that she had a duty to speak at that time, so her failure to do so was fraudulent concealment.”

Tennessee law strongly favors the requirement that biological parents bear responsibility for their own biological children. The same policy also favors relieving putative fathers of the burden of supporting children who have been shown, through conclusive evidence such as DNA testing, not to be their natural offspring. Although the state, admittedly, has an interest to safeguard public funds by requiring that biological parents provide for their children and the burden of doing so does not fall onto the taxpayers, any such interest of the state does not outweigh the interest of the Father to be free of the financial burden to support a child that he may not have fathered. Know your legal rights when you question the paternity of a child that you have been ordered to pay child support for.

How are the DNA samples collected for the paternity test?

How are the DNA samples collected for the paternity test?

The collection process is very simple and does not cause any pain. Most companies now perform paternity testing using simple buccal swabs because DNA is found in all cells in the body. You rub the buccal swab on the inside of the cheek of your mouth. Then you place the swabs in the container provided to return them to the laboratory. And that is all you have to do complete the sample collection.

Paternity Test - A Social Revolution?

Paternity Test - A Social Revolution

www.dnanigeria.com                  

The availability of the Paternity Test has sparked a social and parenting revolution.

Today’s family is very different from that of 50 years ago. The diversity in family make-up, together with a change in the roles of mother and father may have served to make us feel more independent and in control, but have also contributed to a significant change in the fabric of our family lives. Today:

• 40% of marriages end in divorce
• Couples live together and have children without marrying
• Same-sex couples are legally able to marry and can have children
• Some mothers are putting off having children until their late thirties
• There is still a high percentage of teenage pregnancy and motherhood
• Women are choosing to have children through sperm donation - with no father involved

Advances in social inclusion and medical science mean that women in particular have more choice about how they live. They can have careers, and put off having children until later in life. They can have a child without being in a relationship, or they can find themselves as single parents because of divorce or separation.

Does a Child Need a Father?
Some schools of thought maintain that fatherhood is now less important than ever - men are marginalised because women don’t always need them for financial support, and are reduced to being sperm donors, with no place in the family life. Like everything, however, fatherhood is a many-sided object:

• Fathers can take additional time off work to spend with their children at birth
• Flexible working allows fathers to spend more time with the family
• More fathers are staying at home whilst the mothers go out to work
• Fathers are often hounded for child support payments when a partnership breaks down
• Fathers have to rely on the mother for confirmation of paternity

If a mother chooses to tell a man he is the father of their children and he has no reason to doubt her, he will love and care for the child, and pay for its upbringing, even if the relationship breaks down. Until recently, he had no way of challenging the mother’s claim with any accuracy.
All that has changed with the increasing availability of the paternity test. Within a few days, the father can be certain about parentage one way or the other, which may liberate him from a costly process, or destroy the relationship he has already built up with his children. A paternity test can provide the father with the evidence he needs to gain access to his child, or can shatter his illusions about his family. There are some men who are as desperate to be fathers as other men are desperate for their freedom - which is not that much different from 50 years ago - except now they have the power to find out about their responsibilities without a shadow of a doubt using a paternity test.

Speak To DNA Centre About A Paternity Test
DNA Centre offers a broad range of Paternity Test services designed to provide indisputable answers to emotional questions. Whether you seek to establish paternity, prove siblingship or research genealogy, for legal definition or peace of mind, we are able to provide the appropriate Paternity Test at competitive rates, professionally and confidentially. Using state of the art technology we are able to provide conclusive evidence on time, every time. Contact DNA Centre on +2347059999333 or visits us 73 Allen Avenue, Ikeja. Lagos

I Have My Doubts....But Should I Go Ahead And Have This Test?

There are many reasons why people undertake paternity testing or other family relationship tests. It may just be down to curiosity if there is some doubt about the paternity of a child or in other cases it may be that the reports are need for a more formal reason from providing evidence in an immigration matter, amending a birth certificate, to use in court or to make an inheritance claim. Formal tests usually require a court approved test.

The first thing to consider then is if a personal, peace of mind, test is needed or a court approved test. Personal tests are very easy to do and can be done in the comfort of your own home. The lab you choose will send you a collection kit so you can take mouth swabs. These are returned to the lab and testing typically takes a few days. The legal test will require a third party, usually a GP or nurse, to collect samples and verify Id’s.

No matter the reason, it is always advisable to check that the lab you are going to use has the appropriate accreditations. This means the testing processes are monitored and the lab is regularly inspected to ensure that the quality of the testing reaches the highest standards. In Lagos, Nigeria

this is usually the ISO 17025 accreditation. If you need a test for other countries or jurisdictions, it is a good idea to check their accreditation requirements. 

Accredited labs will have well trained staff to give you guidance if you are not sure which route you need to go down. They also have networks of collectors if you do need the court-approved test. The paternity testing process is actually very straightforward so if you do need a test don’t worry, do your research and you will find that there are a number of very professional, affordable testers in the market.